A3.3 Database programming

This section introduces database programming using SQL, the standard language for interacting with relational databases. Students will learn the differences between data definition, manipulation, and control languages, and practice constructing queries that join data from multiple tables and update records. Higher-level students will explore advanced SQL features such as aggregate functions for calculations, the use of views to simplify data access, and how transactions ensure data integrity by maintaining consistency and reliability during multi-step operations.